Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Review Meta AnalysisAnalgesic effect and adverse events of dexmedetomidine as additive for pediatric caudal anesthesia: a meta-analysis.
Dexmedetomidine has become a popular additive for regional anesthesia. Aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of this additive on the duration of postoperative analgesia and possible adverse events in pediatrics undergoing orchidopexy or lower abdominal surgery. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine as an additive to local anesthetic provides a significantly longer postoperative analgesia with comparable adverse effects and hemodynamic changes, when compared to local anesthetics alone. There were insufficient data of the effects of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine; further studies are required to explore this issue.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialMagnesium as an adjuvant for caudal analgesia in children.
There is a need for an adjuvant agent of caudal block that prolongs its duration and improves the analgesic efficacy to fasten functional recovery. Magnesium is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that functions as an analgesic. This study was aimed to evaluate whether magnesium as an adjuvant for caudal block in children can improve postoperative analgesia and functional recovery. ⋯ As an adjuvant for caudal analgesia, 50 mg magnesium provided superior quality of analgesia and faster return of normal functional activity than local anesthetic alone in children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPositive-pressure ventilation during transport: a randomized crossover study of self-inflating and flow-inflating resuscitators in a simulation model.
Positive-pressure ventilation during transport of intubated patients is generally delivered via a hand-pressurized device. Of these devices, self-inflating resuscitators (SIR) and flow-inflating resuscitators (FIR) constitute the two major types used. Selection of a particular device for transport, however, remains largely an institutional practice. ⋯ Hand ventilation during patient transport is superior using the FIR compared to the SIR to achieve target ventilatory goals and avoid unacceptable ventilatory cycles.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA comparative evaluation of analgo-sedative effects of oral dexmedetomidine and ketamine: a triple-blind, randomized study.
Use of sedative agents for difficult to manage children during dental procedures has been indicated for years, but neither the agent nor the route has been found to be ideal. ⋯ Given by oral route, the novel sedative dexmedetomidine provides dose-dependent effective analgo-sedation, comparable to ketamine, with less adverse effects.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialAnalgesic effects of gabapentin after scoliosis surgery in children: a randomized controlled trial.
Postoperative pain remains an important challenge after scoliosis surgery in children. Opioids are the mainstay of treatment, and adult studies demonstrate gabapentin as a useful adjunct to opioids in the management of postoperative pain. ⋯ A single preoperative dose of gabapentin did not show a significant difference in opioid consumption or pain scores in adolescents undergoing idiopathic scoliosis surgery. This study is the first pediatric randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a single dose of gabapentin on morphine consumption and analgesia following major surgery.