Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPositive-pressure ventilation during transport: a randomized crossover study of self-inflating and flow-inflating resuscitators in a simulation model.
Positive-pressure ventilation during transport of intubated patients is generally delivered via a hand-pressurized device. Of these devices, self-inflating resuscitators (SIR) and flow-inflating resuscitators (FIR) constitute the two major types used. Selection of a particular device for transport, however, remains largely an institutional practice. ⋯ Hand ventilation during patient transport is superior using the FIR compared to the SIR to achieve target ventilatory goals and avoid unacceptable ventilatory cycles.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiorespiratory regulation in spontaneously breathing newborn rats.
Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, is a new sedative agent. ⋯ In spontaneously breathing immature rats, dexmedetomidine administration significantly reduced HR and V'E. Because atipamezole fully reversed decreases in fR and therefore V'E, dexmedetomidine-related respiratory suppression occurs predominantly through α2-adrenoceptor-related suppression of fR.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialAnalgesic effects of gabapentin after scoliosis surgery in children: a randomized controlled trial.
Postoperative pain remains an important challenge after scoliosis surgery in children. Opioids are the mainstay of treatment, and adult studies demonstrate gabapentin as a useful adjunct to opioids in the management of postoperative pain. ⋯ A single preoperative dose of gabapentin did not show a significant difference in opioid consumption or pain scores in adolescents undergoing idiopathic scoliosis surgery. This study is the first pediatric randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a single dose of gabapentin on morphine consumption and analgesia following major surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Pediatric malignant hyperthermia: risk factors, morbidity, and mortality identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Kids' Inpatient Database.
Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal metabolic disorder. Due to its rarity, limited evidence exists about risk factors, morbidity, and mortality especially in children. ⋯ This study is the first to combine two large databases to study MH in the pediatric population. The analysis provides an insight into the risk factors, comorbidities, mortality, and prevalence of MH in the United States population. Until more methodologically rigorous, large-scale studies are done, the use of databases will continue to be the optimal method to study rare diseases.