Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of rescue techniques for failed chloral hydrate sedation for magnetic resonance imaging scans-additional chloral hydrate vs intranasal dexmedetomidine.
Chloral hydrate, a commonly used sedative in children during noninvasive diagnostic procedures, is associated with side effects like prolonged sedation, paradoxical excitement, delirium, and unpleasant taste. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α-2 agonist, has better pharmacokinetic properties than chloral hydrate. We conducted this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine with that of a second oral dose of chloral hydrate for rescue sedation during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in infants. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine induced satisfactory rescue sedation in 1- to 6-month-old infants during MRI study, and appears to cause sedation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialA prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral chloral hydrate for sedated auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing.
Dexmedetomidine is increasingly used by various routes for pediatric sedation. However, there are few randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of dexmedetomidine to other commonly used sedatives. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine is an effective alternative to oral chloral hydrate sedation for ABR testing, with the advantages of a higher incidence of testing completion with a single dose, shorter time to desired sedation level, and with significantly more patients reported to return to baseline activity on the same day.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in infants and toddlers: a randomized clinical trial.
Procedural sedation using chloral hydrate is used in many institutions to improve the quality of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) in infants and young children. Chloral hydrate has limited availability in some countries, creating the need for alternative effective sedatives. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 and 3 μg · kg(-1) were found to be as effective for TTE sedation as oral chloral hydrate with similar sedation onset and recovery time and heart rate changes in this study population.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2016
Letter Randomized Controlled TrialThe addition of clonidine to bupivacaine in saphenous/sciatic nerve blocks in children.