Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2017
The role of ultrasound in appropriate endotracheal tube size selection in pediatric patients.
The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the success of ultrasound in pediatric patients in determining the appropriate sized cuffed endotracheal tube and to compare the results with conventional height-based (Broselow) tape and age-based formula tube size. ⋯ Our findings show that subglottic diameter measured by ultrasound appears to be a reliable predictor for the assessment of the subglottic diameter of the airway in estimating appropriate size pediatric endotracheal tube.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2017
Anesthesia-related and perioperative mortality: An audit of 8493 cases at a tertiary pediatric teaching hospital in South Africa.
This study aimed to quantify the incidence of anesthesia-related and perioperative mortality at a large tertiary pediatric hospital in South Africa. ⋯ The overall 24-h and 30-day anesthesia-related and in-hospital perioperative mortality rates in our study are comparable with other similar studies from tertiary pediatric centers.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2017
Observational StudyDifferent predictivity of fluid responsiveness by pulse pressure variation in children after surgical repair of ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot.
Pulse pressure variation derived from the varied pulse contour method is based on heart-lung interaction during mechanical ventilation. It has been shown that pulse pressure variation is predictive of fluid responsiveness in children undergoing surgical repair of ventricular septal defect. Right ventricle compliance and pulmonary vascular capacitance in children with tetralogy of Fallot are underdeveloped as compared to those in ventricular septal defect. We hypothesized that the difference in the right ventricle-pulmonary circulation in the two groups of children would affect the heart-lung interaction and therefore pulse pressure variation predictivity of fluid responsiveness following cardiac surgery. ⋯ Pulse pressure variation is predictive of fluid responsiveness in ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot patients following cardiac surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2017
Does ultrasound guidance add accuracy to continuous caudal-epidural catheter placements in neonates and infants?
Caudo-lumbar and caudo-thoracic epidural anesthesia is an established technique that carries a low risk of dural puncture or spinal cord trauma in infants. Traditionally catheter advancement is based on external measurements. However, malpositioning of catheters are known to occur. We hypothesized that caudal-epidural catheters inserted under real-time ultrasound guidance may be more accurate than the accuracy of the measurements traditionally used for their placement. ⋯ We conclude that catheters placed under ultrasound guidance are more accurate than the traditional method developed before the advent of ultrasound in young infants.