Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2006
Review Historical ArticlePediatric cardiac surgery: an historical appreciation.
Many of the early, classic pediatric cardiac surgical operations were named after their originators. Some of these continue to be performed in the original form, many in modified form and some are obsolete. The development of many of these important early operations is reviewed and they are placed in the context of their times.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2006
ReviewUltrasonographic guidance in pediatric regional anesthesia. Part 2: techniques.
The benefits of regional anesthesia are well documented. The downsides of such techniques have been a significant failure rate and a potential for serious complications. Nearly, all regional blocks were first described as essentially 'blind' techniques. ⋯ Improved understanding of sonographic anatomy should lessen both the failure rate and the possibility of incurring serious complications. Natural caution has dictated that only a selection of blocks used in adults has been commonly used in pediatric practice, but with the aid of US, the repertoire of blocks for infants and children may be widened. The second part of this review will concentrate on the practice of both peripheral and central blocks.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2006
Review Historical ArticleUltrasonographic guidance in pediatric regional anesthesia Part 1: Theoretical background.
Recent findings support the use of ultrasonographic guidance in pediatric regional anesthesia. This review article illustrates basic knowledge in physics of ultrasound and ultrasonographic appearance of neuronal structures, which are prerequisites for the safe application of this technique in daily clinical practice. A critical view on education and ethics in science should emphasize future developments in ultrasonography for pediatric regional anesthesia.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2006
ReviewHead and neck blocks in children: an anatomical and procedural review.
Children undergo a variety of neurosurgical, otorhinolaryngology and plastic surgery procedures to the head and neck. Although opioids are utilized for pain control, they are associated with adverse side effects including postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, somnolence and itching. The utilization of peripheral nerve blocks provides analgesia while reducing the need for opioids. This review will provide a summary of a variety of commonly used head and neck nerve blocks in children with a brief anatomical and technical summary.