Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery.
The analgesic efficacy and safety of propacetamol, an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen, (paracetamol) were studied in 87 children (36 boys, 51 girls; age 6-13; mean age 9.5 years) immediately after limb surgery. Using a double-blind, randomized, parallel group design, the effects of a single IV infusion of 30 mg.kg-1 propacetamol (i.e. 15 mg.kg-1 acetaminophen) were compared with a single injection of placebo (PL). ⋯ Propacetamol was statistically superior to placebo on all assessment criteria. Seven side-effects were recorded: five in the propacetamol group and two in the placebo group. 30 mg.kg-1 propacetamol provided a significantly greater analgesic effect than placebo in children after orthopaedic surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEvaluation of awakening and recovery characteristics following anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and halothane fentanyl or both for brief outpatient procedures in infants.
This study compared recovery characteristics and postoperative ventilatory function when halothane, fentanyl or combination of halothane and fentanyl in addition to N2O were used for intraoperative anaesthesia in term infants undergoing hernia repair as outpatients. Sixty-six full term ASA PS I infants ages 1-12 months were studied. All received inhalation induction with N2O, O2 and halothane, followed by intravenous atropine and atracurium, tracheal intubation, and controlled ventilation. ⋯ SpO2 < 90% and TcCO2 > 9 kPa (70 mmHg) was more common in infants receiving 2 and 10 micrograms.kg-1 fentanyl than in infants receiving halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Infants < 3 months old did not have a higher incidence of SpO2 < 90% or significantly higher TcCO2 values when compared to infants > 3 months old. Fentanyl in doses used in this study did not prolong awakening time but did prolong recovery and discharge times in outpatient infants.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison between three transmucosal routes of administration of midazolam in children.
Midazolam was applied transmucosally in 47 children randomly assigned to three different groups. Group N received 0.2 mg.kg-1 nasally, group R 0.5 mg.kg-1 rectally, and group S 0.2 mg.kg-1 sublingually. All groups were treated 60 min prior to a planned i.v. puncture with EMLA. ⋯ The psychological parameters were not significantly different between the three groups over the whole study. Sublingual premedication has some advantages (most readily accepted, highest plasma levels and lowest deviations) and could be the first choice in premedication of children. All three transmucosal applications are safe and well accepted, although nasal application was rejected by two of the children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDiclofenac vs oxybuprocaine eyedrops for analgesia in paediatric strabismus surgery.
Forty children undergoing strabismus surgery as day patients were randomly allocated to receive oxybuprocaine 0.4% eyedrops or 0.1% diclofenac eyedrops for perioperative analgesia. A non-invasive anaesthetic technique using the reinforced laryngeal mask airway was used. The study demonstrated that both topical analgesics provided good to excellent analgesia and the anaesthetic technique was associated with a relatively low incidence of nausea and vomiting. Complications were limited to two children who were admitted with persistent postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIntermittent positive ventilation through a laryngeal mask in children: does it cause gastric dilatation?
After obtaining Ethics Committee approval and informed consent, sixty children, ASA Grade 1 or 2 and aged six months to ten years, were randomly allocated to receive intermittent positive pressure ventilation through either a laryngeal mask or a tracheal tube. Inflation pressures were maintained below 20 cm H2O, and gas aspirated from the stomach via an orogastric tube over a one h period. No large volumes were aspirated and no differences were detected between the groups. We conclude that healthy children over the age of six months can be safely ventilated through the laryngeal mask airway without gastric distension.