Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2018
Dilutional coagulopathy in pediatric scoliosis surgery: A single center report.
Children undergoing posterior spinal fusion experience high blood loss often necessitating transfusion. An appropriately activated coagulation system provides hemostasis during surgery, but pathologic dysregulation can cause progressive bleeding and increased transfusions. Despite receiving antifibrinolytics for clot stabilization, many patients still require transfusions. ⋯ Blood product transfusion remains a frustrating problem in pediatric scoliosis. Identifying and controlling dilutional coagulopathy in these patients may reduce blood loss and the need for blood transfusion.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2018
Perioperative anesthetic management of children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation undergoing thoracoscopic phrenic nerve-diaphragm pacemaker implantation.
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome and Rapid-Onset Obesity with Hypothalamic dysfunction, Hypoventilation, and Autonomic Dysregulation are rare neurocristopathies characterized by autonomic dysregulation including bradyarrhythmias, abnormal temperature control, and most significantly, abnormal control of breathing leading to tracheostomy and ventilator dependence as life support. Surgical advancements have made phrenic nerve-diaphragm pacemakers available, to eliminate the tether to a mechanical ventilator for 12-15 hours each day. The thoracoscopic approach to implantation has allowed for a less invasive approach which may have implications for pain control and recovery time. However, thoracoscopic implantation of these devices presents several challenges to the anesthesiologist in these complex ventilator-dependent patients, including, but not limited to, sequential lung isolation, prevention of hypothermia, and management of arrhythmias. Postoperative challenges may also include strategies to treat hemodynamic instability, managing the ventilator following lung derecruitment, and providing adequate pain control. ⋯ The main anesthetic challenges in patients with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome and Rapid-Onset Obesity with Hypothalamic dysfunction, Hypoventilation, and Autonomic Dysregulation include hemodynamic instability, the propensity to develop hypothermia, hypercarbia/hypoxemia, and the need to perform bilateral sequential lung isolation requisite to the thoracoscopic implantation technique. Most anesthetic agents can be used safely in these patients; however, adequate knowledge of the susceptibility to complications, coupled with adequate preparation and understanding of the innate disease characteristics, are necessary to treat anticipated complications.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2018
Description of typical personality factors and events that lead to anxiety at induction of anesthesia in French children.
Preventive strategies are available to reduce preoperative anxiety in children, the ideal time for implementing such strategies remains poorly determined. ⋯ The present study identified a combination of psychological factors and events associated with the development of anxiety at induction of anesthesia in children. Parental anxiety impacts upon children and occurs before the preanesthetic consultation. This result may assist clinicians to prescribe personalized preventive strategies against anxiety.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2018
Efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery.
Liposomal bupivacaine may be an option for reducing opioid utilization in pediatric scoliosis surgery. The use of liposomal bupivacaine in this patient population has not been previously described. ⋯ Liposomal bupivacaine was not associated with reductions in postoperative opioid use in pediatric spinal surgery.