Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of xenon-augmented sevoflurane anesthesia on intraoperative hemodynamics and early postoperative neurocognitive function in children undergoing cardiac catheterization: A randomized controlled pilot trial.
In adults, xenon has only minimal hemodynamic side effects when compared with other anesthetics. Moreover, in preclinical experiments, xenon has been demonstrated to possess cardio- and neuroprotective properties. Altogether, the favorable hemodynamic profile combined with its potential for organ-protection could render xenon an attractive option for anesthesia in children with cardiovascular compromise. ⋯ In this pilot trial, xenon-augmented sevoflurane anesthesia in school-aged children was feasible, and associated with decreased ephedrine requirements. All children exposed to anesthesia showed impaired neurocognitive performance in the immediate postoperative period when compared to control children; however, without significant differences between both treatment groups.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of remifentanil maintenance during recovery on emergence delirium in children with sevoflurane anesthesia.
Emergence delirium is a common complication of sevoflurane anesthesia in children. ⋯ Maintaining a low dose of remifentanil (0.05 μg/kg/min) throughout the recovery phase attenuated the incidence of emergence delirium in children undergoing strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2018
Review Historical ArticleThe Ayre's T-piece turns 80: A 21st century review.
Ayre's T-piece, first introduced 80 years ago, continues to be widely used in pediatric anesthesia despite colossal advances in equipment and technology. We present a review of its history, advantages, and disadvantages, and place in modern-day clinical practice.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2018
Infraorbital foramen location in the pediatric population: A guide for infraorbital nerve block.
Infraorbital nerve blocks are often performed for the management of postoperative pain associated with cleft lip correction. Infraorbital nerve block procedures depend on the identification of the infraorbital foramen; however, there is little information regarding the infraorbital foramen location in the pediatric population. ⋯ The infraorbital foramen was located within 2 mm, on average, from the nasospinale-to-jugale midpoint regardless of age group. Therefore, the nasospinale-to-jugale midpoint may serve as useful means of identifying the location of the infraorbital foramen in the pediatric population and aid in optimizing infraorbital nerve block procedures. The information in this report is valuable in general, but may be particularly useful in developing countries where there is a lack of ultrasound training and availability for health care providers; or places where infraorbital nerve block may be the sole anesthetic modality for cleft lip surgery, even among adolescent patients.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2018
An evaluation of preoperative anxiety in Spanish-speaking and Latino children in the United States.
There is a large body of literature examining factors associated with children's preoperative anxiety; however, cultural variables such as ethnicity and language have not been included. ⋯ Clinicians should be aware that younger, less sociable children of Spanish-speaking Latino parents are at higher risk of developing preoperative anxiety and manage these children based on this increased risk.