Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Feb 2013
Comparative StudyCuff filling volumes for pediatric classic laryngeal mask airways: comparison of clinical end points versus adjusted cuff pressure.
Clinical end points are often used to guide inflation and adequacy of cuff seal after laryngeal mask airway placement. However, clinical end points for cuff inflation have been shown to have significantly higher intracuff pressure. The adjusted cuff pressure between 55 and 60 cm H(2)O causes significantly better seal of laryngeal mask airway. We prospectively assessed the cuff pressures generated by cuff inflation guided by clinical end points, and the actual volume of air required to achieve cuff pressures between 55 and 60 cm H(2)O for sizes 1-2.5 reusable classic laryngeal mask airway. ⋯ Lower cuff volumes are required to achieve a pressure of 60 cm H(2)O than those required if clinical end points are used as a sole guide for determining cuff inflation for patients receiving pediatric laryngeal mask airways.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Feb 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of buccal and nasal dexmedetomidine premedication for pediatric patients.
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are used to premedicate pediatric patients to reduce separation anxiety and achieve calm induction. The clinical effects of clonidine are similar whether via the oral or nasal route. However, oral dexmedetomidine is not preferred because of its poor bioavailability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nasal versus buccal dexmedetomidine used for premedication in children. ⋯ These results suggest that intranasal administration of 1 μg·kg(-1) dexmedetomidine is more effective than buccal administration of 1 μg·kg(-1) dexmedetomidine for premedication in children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Feb 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialA psychological preoperative program: effects on anxiety and cooperative behaviors.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological preoperative program in reducing preoperative anxiety and in promoting compliance of pediatric participants with surgical procedures. ⋯ Preparing children through playful dramatization of the operative procedure, manipulation of medical instruments and psychologist's support may be useful in pediatric surgery structures.