Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous bolus etomidate in children over 6 months of age.
Information has been very limited on the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of etomidate in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize the PK of etomidate in children. ⋯ Owing to enhanced clearance and increased central compartment volume of etomidate, smaller (younger) children will require higher etomidate bolus dose than larger (older) children to achieve equivalent plasma concentrations. The dependence of Cl(1) and V(1) on age does not support weight-based etomidate dosing in smaller children.
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We present a review of smartphone applications (apps) available for pediatric anesthesia.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Displacement of the common carotid artery after laryngeal mask airway placement in infants and children.
In adults, placement of the laryngeal mask airway causes increased overlapping of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and common carotid artery (CCA). However, few studies in children have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe the degree of overlap of the IJV and the CCA before and after laryngeal mask airway placement in infants and children. ⋯ There was no remarkable change in the overlap index before and after laryngeal mask airway placement in children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Isovolaemic hemodilution with gelatin and hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.42: effects on hemostasis in piglets.
Artificial colloids, frequently used to prevent hemorrhagic shock in children, impair blood coagulation. To determine the impact of acute isovolaemic hemodilution with artificial colloids on clot formation, we conducted an experimental study in a pediatric animal model. ⋯ Impairment of clot formation by moderate isovolaemic hemodilution did not significantly differ between ICS, GEL, and HES. Profound hemodilution of more than 50% of the estimated blood volume with GEL and HES caused significant impairment of clot formation in comparison to ICS and has to be considered when using high amounts of these synthetic colloids.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2012
Historical ArticleThe early development of pediatric intensive care.
The polio epidemic in Copenhagen in 1952 was a significant stimulus to the development of Intensive Care. Eighty-five percent of the patients with respiratory involvement died despite the use of Cuirass negative pressure ventilators. After some controversy Ibsen, an anesthetist, was consulted. ⋯ Owing to the lack of positive pressure ventilators, this was undertaken by students who contributed 167,000 h of hand ventilation. The mortality decreased to 25%. Anesthetists, having special experience with ventilation, became the leaders in the field as Intensive Care developed.