Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of intravenous propacetamol vs rectal paracetamol in children after major craniofacial surgery.
The pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of intravenous and rectal paracetamol were compared in nonventilated infants after craniofacial surgery in a double-blind placebo controlled study. ⋯ Intravenous propacetamol proved to be more effective than rectal paracetamol in infants after craniofacial surgery. Midazolam was more frequently administered to patients receiving paracetamol suppositories, indicating that these children experienced more distress, possibly caused by pain.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialDose-response study of intrathecal fentanyl added to bupivacaine in infants undergoing lower abdominal and urologic surgery.
Intrathecal (IT) adjuncts often are used to enhance the duration of spinal bupivacaine. Fentanyl is a spinal analgesic that could be a useful adjunct, and enhances the duration and quality of sensory block in adult surgical and obstetric population. However, no data exist to assess the dose-response characteristics of IT fentanyl when added to bupivacaine in infants. ⋯ The addition of 1 mug.kg(-1) IT fentanyl to spinal bupivacaine prolonged the duration of spinal block in infants undergoing lower abdominal and urologic procedures.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialPremedication with melatonin vs midazolam in anxious children.
Failure of dental treatment caused by anxiety is a common problem in children. Oral midazolam has been the most commonly used premedication for pediatric patient but the use of midazolam may be associated with paradoxical reactions in children. Melatonin may induce a natural sleepiness and improve sedation. We have investigated premedication with melatonin compared with midazolam in children under nitrous oxide/oxygen (N(2)O/O(2)) sedation for dental treatment. ⋯ In these doses and clinical conditions, melatonin was similar to that of placebo and did not contribute to N(2)O/O(2) sedation of anxious children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Upper airway dimensions in children using rigid video-bronchoscopy and a computer software: description of a measurement technique.
Pediatric airway management decisions are based primarily on results derived from indirect measures of laryngeal and tracheal dimensions. More recent methods could provide more direct information about absolute and relative changes in airway dimensions associated with growth and development. ⋯ The video-bronchoscopic imaging method provided an accurate, reliable measure of pediatric airway dimensions. This technique could be applied to assess absolute and relative airway size associated with growth and development. The relationship between glottic and cricoid dimensions during growth and development in children needs further investigation across various age groups.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jul 2008
Single injection paravertebral block for renal surgery in children.
Continuous paravertebral block (PVB) has been successfully used for postoperative analgesia in children. However, data regarding the efficacy of a single injection technique for major renal surgery are still lacking. ⋯ Single injection PVB provided clinically relevant postoperative analgesia in children undergoing major renal surgery.