Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialOral clonidine premedication reduces minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion in children.
Sevoflurane is widely employed for inhalational induction in children. Clonidine deepens volatile anesthetics and reduces several types of MAC of sevoflurane. Laryngeal mask airway is a useful device for pediatric anesthesia. The aim of the current study was to determine whether oral clonidine premedication can reduce MAC of sevoflurane for an LMA insertion in children. ⋯ Oral clonidine premedication reduced the MAC (EC50) and EC95 values of sevoflurane for LMA insertion by 38% and 28%, respectively.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
A cohort study of the incidence and risk factors for negative behavior changes in children after general anesthesia.
Hospitalization and anesthesia can have a substantial psychological impact on children, which may be manifested by negative behavioral change. The primary aims of this study were to estimate the incidence of negative behavior change postanesthesia in a large cohort of children, and to identify the possible risk factors. ⋯ Significant negative behavior change can occur in children after anesthesia. It is difficult to precisely predict in which children this will occur, however, some individual, family and procedural variables are associated with significant negative behavior change. If used, preparation should be considered according to level of surgical complexity.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Case ReportsContinuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block in a child.
Continuous regional anesthesia for both intra- and postoperative use in adults is becoming more common. As with many new anesthesia techniques, however, there is often a lag time before the same techniques are utilized in children. ⋯ A search of the literature from the last 10 years did not show any reports of the placements of a continuous brachial plexus block in children. In this case report, we present the successful placement and use of a continuous infraclavicular catheter in a child undergoing upper extremity surgery.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Case ReportsExtravasation of propofol is associated with tissue necrosis in small children.
Propofol is widely used for induction of anesthesia and many reports document extravasation and even intra-arterial injections without clinical sequelae. We report a case of tissue necrosis after subcutaneous injection of propofol in a 31-day-old infant.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Perioperative cardiac arrest and its mortality in children. A 9-year survey in a Brazilian tertiary teaching hospital.
The incidence of perioperative cardiac arrest and mortality in children is higher than in adults. This survey evaluated the incidence, causes, and outcome of perioperative cardiac arrests in a pediatric surgical population in a tertiary teaching hospital between 1996 and 2004. ⋯ Perioperative cardiac arrests were relatively higher in neonates and infants than in older children with severe underlying disease and during emergency surgery. The fact that all anesthesia attributable cardiac arrests were related to airway management and medication administration is important in prevention strategies.