Journal of clinical nursing
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To describe the current scientific evidence in the field of diagnostics and treatment of pain, malodour and exudate from pressure ulcers and to give recommendations for practice, based on these findings. ⋯ Regarding pressure ulcer related pain, this review supports the intervention of local pain relieve in patients with pressure ulcers. Regarding pressure ulcer related odour and exudates, this study identifies the gaps in evidence and research.
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Insight into the needs and experiences of family members is an initial but necessary step in providing appropriate care for both family members and the patient. This literature review aims to structure the available scientific knowledge on needs and experiences of family members of intensive care unit patients with particular extension to coma patients. Qualitative as well as quantitative studies are discussed. ⋯ Priority needs should be central in the nurses' approach of family members. The initiative for meeting the needs must be with the caregivers. Future, focused and well-designed qualitative research over a longer period of time could clarify the process that family members go through and explain the results of quantitative studies.