Medicina intensiva
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To determine the incidence and characteristics of mental disorders (MD) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to define a classification system adapted to the ICU environment. ⋯ MD is a relatively common problem in the ICU. Collaboration with the Psychiatry Department seldom occurs, but must be encouraged to develop fully integrated management of critical patients with MD.
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This aim of this review is to provide a detailed review of the physiologic conditions and variables of the cardiac output, as well as review the different techniques available for its measurement. We also want to establish the clinical situations in which the measurement of cardiac output can add valuable information for the management of critically ill patients. ⋯ Pulse wave analysis allows a continuous minimally invasive cardiac output measurement. Other methods, such bioreactance, Doppler technique or echocardiography currently provide a valid, fast and non-invasive measurement of cardiac output.