American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jul 2019
Term cesarean delivery in the first pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery in the subsequent pregnancy.
Prior studies have reported an increased risk for preterm delivery following a term cesarean delivery. However, these studies did not adjust for high-risk conditions related to the first cesarean delivery and are known to recur. ⋯ After robust adjustment for confounders through a propensity score analysis related to the indication for the first cesarean delivery at term, cesarean delivery is not associated with an increase in preterm delivery, spontaneous or indicated, in the subsequent pregnancy.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jul 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialCervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in twin pregnancies with maternal short cervix after an episode of threatened preterm labor: randomised controlled trial.
No intervention has proved effective to date in reducing the spontaneous preterm birth rate in twin pregnancies following an episode of threatened preterm labor and with a short cervix remaining. This study was designed to ascertain whether cervical pessaries are useful in preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with twin pregnancies and a short cervix remaining after a threatened preterm labor episode. ⋯ Pessary use did significantly lower the spontaneous preterm birth rate before 34 weeks in twin pregnancies with maternal short cervix remaining after a threatened preterm labor episode. Pessary use also reduced the threatened preterm labor recurrence and neonates' weight less than 2500 g.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jul 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of using silver nylon dressings to prevent superficial surgical site infection after cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial.
Surgical site infections are associated with significant healthcare cost and burden. Silver-impregnated dressings have been associated with a decrease in surgical site infections in select populations, but it is unknown whether the benefit can be observed after cesarean deliveries. ⋯ Among women undergoing cesarean delivery, silver nylon dressing was not more effective than gauze in reducing the risk of superficial surgical site infections.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jul 2019
Observational StudyRoutine assessment of cerebroplacental ratio at 35-37 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.
Third-trimester studies in selected high-risk pregnancies have reported that low cerebroplacental ratio, due to high pulsatility index in the umbilical artery, and or decreased pulsatility index in the fetal middle cerebral artery, is associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. ⋯ In pregnancies undergoing routine antenatal assessment at 35-37 weeks' gestation, measurement of cerebroplacental ratio provides poor prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in both small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age fetuses.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jul 2019
Observational StudySignificant reduction in umbilical artery metabolic acidosis after implementation of intrapartum ST waveform analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram.
Although the evidence regarding the benefit of using ST waveform analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram is conflicting, ST waveform analysis is considered as adjunct to identify fetuses at risk for asphyxia in our center. Most randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have not shown a significant decrease in umbilical metabolic acidosis, while some observational studies have shown a gradual decrease of this outcome over a longer period of time. Observational studies can give more insight into the effect of implementation of the ST technology in daily clinical practice. ⋯ There was an 84% decrease in the incidence of umbilical artery metabolic acidosis in all deliveries between 2000 and 2013. The neonatal encephalopathy rate, fetal blood sampling rate, and the total number of cesarean and vaginal instrumental deliveries also decreased.