Tobacco control
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Discrepancies in cigarette brand sales and adult market share: are new teen smokers filling the gap?
To examine the extent and type of cigarette brand switching by adult smokers. To evaluate discrepancies between actual and projected cigarette brand sales based on changes in adult smoking patterns. ⋯ Most smokers are brand loyal. Price seems to be an important factor motivating brand switching among adult smokers. It appears that recruitment of new customers among the ranks of non-smokers is necessary for premium cigarette brands such as Marlboro and Camel to maintain sales comparable to previous years.
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Comparative Study
Use of the nicotine skin patch by smokers in 20 communities in the United States, 1992-1993.
To measure the characteristics of smokers associated with the use of the nicotine skin patch in the general population and to evaluate whether use of the patch is associated with successful smoking cessation. ⋯ The nicotine skin patch is a popular and effective means of smoking cessation. Use of the nicotine patch, especially by low-income smokers, could be increased by reducing the out-of-pocket expenditure required for smokers to get the product.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Tobacco control activities of primary-care physicians in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. COMMIT Research Group.
To compare tobacco control practices of physicians and their staff in Intervention communities with those in Comparison communities of the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT). ⋯ The COMMIT intervention had a significant effect on some reported physician behaviours, office practices, and policies. However, most physicians still did not use state-of-the-art smoking intervention practices with their patients and there was little, or no, difference between patient reports of intervention activities of physicians in the Intervention and Comparison communities. Better systems and incentives are needed to attract physicians and their staff to CME and to encourage them to follow through on what they learn. The recently released Agency for Health Care Policy and Research clinical practice guideline for smoking cessation and other standards and policies outline these systems and offer suggestions for incentives to facilitate adoption of these practices by physicians.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Relationship of worksite smoking policy to changes in employee tobacco use: findings from COMMIT. Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation.
To report data on the impact of worksite smoking policies on employee smoking behaviour from a large and heterogeneous sample of smokers and worksites in 22 different communities across North America participating in the COMMIT trial. ⋯ These data, from one of the largest and longest smoking cessation studies to date, add support to the conclusion that smoke-free worksite policies help employees to reduce or discontinue use of tobacco.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of recent trends in adolescent and adult cigarette smoking behaviour and brand preferences.
To compare trends in smoking behaviour and use of cigarette brands by adults and adolescents. ⋯ Smoking prevalence rates have increased among teenagers, but have dropped among adults in the same communities. Among adolescents who smoke, and buy their own cigarettes, the three most heavily advertised brands--Marlboro, Camel, and Newport--have a substantially higher market concentration than among adult smokers.