Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewMagnetoencephalography Signal Processing, Forward Modeling, Magnetoencephalography Inverse Source Imaging, and Coherence Analysis.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive functional imaging technique for the brain. MEG directly measures the magnetic signal due to neuronal activation in gray matter with high spatial localization accuracy. ⋯ It is followed by examples of analyzing evoked and resting-state MEG signals using a high-resolution MEG source imaging technique. Next, different techniques for connectivity and network analysis are reviewed with examples showing connectivity estimates from resting-state and epileptic activity.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewMagnetoencephalography for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are leading causes of sustained physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits in the general population, active-duty military personnel, and veterans. However, the underlying pathophysiology of mTBI/PTSD and the mechanisms that support functional recovery for some, but not all individuals is not fully understood. Conventional MR imaging and computed tomography are generally negative in mTBI and PTSD, so there is interest in the development of alternative evaluative strategies. Of particular note are magnetoencephalography (MEG) -based methods, with mounting evidence that MEG can provide sensitive biomarkers for abnormalities in mTBI and PTSD.
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Schizophrenia (Sz) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought (such as delusions and confused thinking), perception (hearing voices), and behavior (lack of motivation). The lifetime prevalence of Sz is between 0.3% and 0.7%, with late adolescence and early adulthood, the peak period for the onset of psychotic symptoms. Causal factors in Sz include environmental and genetic factors and especially their interaction. About 50% of individuals with a diagnosis of Sz have lifelong impairment.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewPediatric Magnetoencephalography in Clinical Practice and Research.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that measures the electromagnetic fields generated by the human brain. This article highlights the benefits that pediatric MEG has to offer to clinical practice and pediatric research, particularly for infants and young children; reviews the existing literature on adult MEG systems for pediatric use; briefly describes the few pediatric MEG systems currently extant; and draws attention to future directions of research, with focus on the clinical use of MEG for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewMerging Magnetoencephalography into Epilepsy Presurgical Work-up Under the Framework of Multimodal Integration.
Multimodal image integration is the procedure that puts together imaging data from multiple sources into the same space by a computerized registration process. This procedure is relevant to patients with difficult-to-localize epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation, who typically have many tests performed, including MR imaging, PET, ictal single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG). This article describes the methodology of such integration, focusing on integration of MEG. Also discussed is the clinical value of integration of MEG, in terms of planning of intracranial EEG implantation, interpretation of intracranial EEG data, planning of final resection, and addressing surgical failures.