Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Childhood cerebral vasculitis is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the brain of children and is rare but life-threatening. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. This article describes the classification, diagnostic algorithm, and various imaging modalities used in the evaluation of childhood cerebral vasculitis and the imaging findings associated with primary and secondary vasculitis. Understanding the imaging features of this condition can assist in early diagnosis, effective treatment, and improve outcomes.
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Congenital cystic masses are commonly encountered when imaging a patient presenting with a neck mass. Congenital cysts are present at birth; however, these cysts may not present until later in life with some growing slowly and others rapidly increasing in size due to hemorrhage of infection. A neonatal presentation is rare but when present may allow a narrower differential diagnosis. Imaging plays a significant role in defining a lesion as cystic, assessing location, and directing the next step in evaluation and or intervention.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2023
ReviewInfectious and Inflammatory Processes of the Orbits in Children.
Most primary orbital pathology in children is due to bacterial infection. Radiologists typically encounter these cases to evaluate for clinically suspected postseptal orbital involvement. Contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging is important for the detection and early management of orbital infection and associated subperiosteal/orbital abscess, venous thrombosis, and intracranial spread of infection. Benign mass-like inflammatory processes involving the pediatric orbit are rare, have overlapping imaging features, and must be distinguished from orbital malignancies.
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In this article, we will discuss the essential MR imaging protocol required for the assessment of ocular abnormalities including malignancies. Then we will describe relevant anatomy, ocular embryogenesis, and genetics to establish a profound understanding of pathophysiology of the congenital ocular malformations. Finally, we will discuss pediatric ocular malignancies, benign mimics, and the most common congenital ocular malformations with case examples and illustrations and give tips on how to distinguish these entities on neuroimaging.
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Neck masses are frequent in the pediatric population and are usually divided into congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic. Many of these lesions are cystic and are often benign. Solid masses and vascular lesions are relatively less common, and the imaging appearances can be similar. This article reviews the clinical presentation and imaging patterns of pediatric solid and vascular neck masses.