Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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A variety of congenital and acquired disorders result in pediatric conductive hearing loss. Malformations of the external auditory canal are invariably associated with malformations of the middle ear space and ossicles. ⋯ Syndromes associated with external and middle ear malformations are frequently associated with abnormal development of first and second pharyngeal arch derivatives. Chronic inflammatory disorders include cholesteatoma, cholesterol granuloma, and tympanosclerosis.
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Odontogenic and sinogenic infections are frequently encountered in the pediatric population. Although the diagnosis is often suspected clinically, imaging can play a significant role in localizing the site of infection, assessing for involvement of deep neck spaces, detection of abscess and other potentially life-threatening complications, and providing valuable information to help with treatment planning. This article reviews the general imaging considerations and anatomy relevant to odontogenic and paranasal sinus infections and describes the salient clinical and imaging features of infectious diseases of the dentition and sinuss.
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Spinal extradural tumors, although uncommon, have high morbidity and mortality rates. Radiographs and computed tomography scans are typically used to assess and determine the characteristics of these tumors. ⋯ Imaging features, such as type of matrix, cortical involvement, and margins, aid in determining the diagnosis. This article discusses common and infrequent extradural spinal tumors, their imaging characteristics, and how age, location, and clinical presentation help in diagnosing these neoplasms.