Neuroimaging clinics of North America
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2021
ReviewSubarachnoid Hemorrhage of Unknown Cause: Distribution and Role of Imaging.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown cause represents approximately 10% to 15% of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages. The key factors in determining the management strategy for a presumed nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are the distribution, location, and amount of subarachnoid blood. ⋯ The extent of the workup required in determining the cause of hemorrhage depends on the distribution of blood. The authors review the potential causes, differential diagnoses, and acute and long-term follow-up strategies in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown cause.
-
Primary or nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comprises approximately 15% to 20% of all stroke. ICH has a mortality of approximately 40% within the first month, and 75% mortality and morbidity rate within the first year. ⋯ Neuroimaging is critical in detection of ICH, determining the underlying cause, identification of patients at risk of hematoma expansion, and directing the treatment strategy. This article discusses the neuroimaging methods of ICH, imaging markers for clinical outcome prediction, and future research directions with attention to the latest evidence-based guidelines.
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2021
ReviewComputed Tomography-Based Imaging Algorithms for Patient Selection in Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Computed tomography remains the most widely used imaging modality for evaluating patients with acute ischemic stroke. Landmark trials have used computed tomography imaging to select patients for intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment. This review summarizes the most important acute ischemic stroke trials, provides an outlook of ongoing studies, and proposes possible image algorithms for patient selection. Although evaluation with anatomic computed tomography imaging techniques is sufficient in early window patients, more advanced imaging techniques should be used beyond 6 hours from symptoms onset to quantify the ischemic core and evaluate for the salvageable penumbra.
-
Multimodal MR imaging provides valuable information in the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. MR imaging plays a critical role in treatment decision making for (1) thrombolytic treatment of AIS patients with unknown symptom-onset and (2) endovascular treatment of patients with large vessel occlusion presenting beyond 6 hours from the symptom onset. MR imaging provides the most accurate information for detection of ischemic brain and is invaluable for differentiating AIS from stroke mimics.
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2021
ReviewImaging for Treated Aneurysms (Including Clipping, Coiling, Stents, Flow Diverters).
Intracranial aneurysms are common in the adult population and carry a risk of rupture leading to catastrophic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment of aneurysms has evolved significantly, with the introduction of new techniques and devices for minimally invasive and endovascular approaches. Follow-up imaging after aneurysm treatment is standard of care to monitor for recurrence or other complications, and the preferred imaging modality and schedule for follow-up are areas of active research. The modality and follow-up schedule should be tailored to treatment technique, aneurysm characteristics, and patient factors.