Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2020
ReviewArtificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Imaging: A Glimpse into the Future.
Artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning and deep learning, is a rapidly developing field in imaging sciences with the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of radiologists. This review covers common technical terms and basic concepts in imaging artificial intelligence and briefly reviews the application of these techniques to general imaging as well as head and neck imaging. Artificial intelligence has the potential to contribute improvements to all areas of patient care, including image acquisition, processing, segmentation, automated detection of findings, integration of clinical information, quality improvement, and research. Numerous challenges remain, however, before widespread imaging clinical adoption and integration occur.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2020
ReviewPatient-Centric Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy: Role of Advanced Imaging.
The traditional 'one-size-fits-all' approach to H&N cancer therapy is archaic. Advanced imaging can identify radioresistant areas by using biomarkers that detect tumor hypoxia, hypercellularity etc. Highly conformal radiotherapy can target resistant areas with precision. ⋯ The tumor imaging world is pushing its boundaries. Molecular imaging can now detect protein expression and genotypic variations across tumors that can be exploited for tailoring treatment. The exploding field of radiomics and radiogenomics extracts quantitative, biologic and genetic information and further expands the scope of personalized therapy.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2020
ReviewTechnical Improvements in Head and Neck MR Imaging: At the Cutting Edge.
Head and neck MR imaging is technically challenging because of magnetic field inhomogeneity, respiratory and swallowing motion, and necessity of high-resolution imaging to trace key anatomic structures. These challenges have been answered by advances in MR imaging technology, including isovolumetric three-dimensional imaging, robust fat-water separation techniques, and novel deep learning-based reconstruction algorithms. ⋯ Improvements in acquisition and reconstruction technique facilitate novel applications of morphologic and functional imaging. This results in opportunities to improve diagnosis, staging, and treatment selection through application of advanced MR imaging techniques.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2020
ReviewPET Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia in Head and Neck Cancer: A Primer for Neuroradiologists.
Tumor hypoxia is a known independent prognostic factor for adverse patient outcomes in those with head and neck cancer. Areas of tumor hypoxia have been found to be more radiation resistant than areas of tumor with normal oxygenation levels. ⋯ PET imaging is the gold standard method for imaging tumor hypoxia, with 18F-fluoromisonidazole the most extensively studied hypoxic imaging tracer. Newer tracers also show promise.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewMagnetoencephalography Research in Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) research indicates differences in neural brain measures in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) children. As reviewed here, resting-state MEG exams are of interest as well as MEG paradigms that assess neural function across domains (e.g., auditory, resting state). To date, MEG research has primarily focused on group-level differences. Research is needed to explore whether MEG measures can predict, at the individual level, ASD diagnosis, prognosis (future severity), and response to therapy.