Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Third window abnormalities are bony defects of the inner ear that enable abnormal communication with the middle ear and/or cranial cavity. Vestibular symptoms include vertigo and nystagmus induced by loud noises or increases in pressure. ⋯ High-resolution temporal bone computed tomography is the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of third window pathology and is critical for accurate diagnosis and management. This article reviews the fundamental mechanisms of the third window phenomenon and describes imaging findings and differential diagnosis.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2018
ReviewOligemia, Penumbra, Infarction: Understanding Hypoperfusion with Neuroimaging.
Despite recent progress in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with multiple trials demonstrating improved clinical outcome associated with endovascular thrombectomy up to 24 hours after onset, there is potential opportunity for optimal patient selection and treatment algorithm to further improve treatment outcome. Current limitation is in part caused by inconsistency of imaging protocols and imaging-based definitions of oligemia, penumbra, and infarction core within the various hypoperfusion states. To truly maximize the impact of imaging in acute ischemic stroke, imaging definitions of hypoperfusion states need to be more consistent and validated to correctly reflect different severities of ischemic injury.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2018
ReviewClinical Distinction of Cerebral Ischemia and Triaging of Patients in the Emergency Department: Mimics, Wake-ups, Late Strokes, and Chameleons.
Non-stroke conditions may present in ways suggestive of ischemic stroke (ie, stroke mimic). Alternatively, the clinical presentation of ischemic stroke can vary considerably and may appear similar to another condition (ie, stroke chameleon). Common and uncommon mimics and chameleons are presented with discussion of key considerations to improve diagnostic accuracy.