Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2018
ReviewApproach to Imaging in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage.
Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage is a commonly encountered neurologic emergency. Imaging plays important roles in both guiding the emergent stabilization of patients with ICH and in elucidating the etiology of the hemorrhage to prevent rebleeding. A thorough understanding of the factors that have an impact on immediate management, the causes of hemorrhage, and the strengths of various imaging techniques in addressing these 2 concerns is vital to crafting a patient-centered approach to this condition.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2018
ReviewImaging the Unconscious "Found Down" Patient in the Emergency Department.
Unconsciousness may be due to severe brain damage or to potentially reversible causes. Noncontrast head computed tomography (CT) helps identify acute ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions as well as certain patterns of toxic encephalopathy. MR imaging plays an important role in the assessment of acutely encephalopathic patients who may show no significant abnormality on CT. This review describes some of the common and infrequent entities that can lead to unconsciousness, including epilepsy and vascular, traumatic, metabolic, and toxic disorders.
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Maxillofacial injuries account for a large portion of emergency department visits and often result in surgical consultation. Although many of the principles of fracture detection and repair are basic, the evolution of technology and therapeutic strategies has led to improved patient outcomes. This article aims to provide a clinical review of imaging aspects involved in maxillofacial trauma and to delineate its relevance to patient management.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2018
ReviewCurrent Challenges in the Use of Computed Tomography and MR Imaging in Suspected Cervical Spine Trauma.
There is controversy regarding the optimal imaging strategy in adult blunt trauma patients for suspected cervical spine trauma. Some investigators recommend negative computed tomography (CT) alone to clear the cervical spine in adult blunt trauma patients, while others insist that MR imaging is necessary, especially among obtunded adult blunt trauma patients. CT is an excellent imaging modality for bony cervical spine injury; however, there is a nonzero rate of clinically significant cervical spine injuries missed on CT. MR imaging has high sensitivity for soft tissue cervical spine injuries, but low specificity for the rare isolated unstable ligamentous cervical spine injury.