Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2018
ReviewImaging of Sjögren Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease of the Salivary Glands.
The salivary glands are commonly affected in systemic autoimmune disease and diseases of unknown pathogenesis. Sjögren syndrome (SjS) can be affected by other systemic diseases. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) commonly affects salivary glands. ⋯ Findings of early-stage SjS are difficult to identify on routine computed tomography or MR imaging. Chronic SjS can be diagnosed from MR imaging and sialographic findings. Multiglandular and localized involvement of IgG4-RD is difficult to differentiate from malignant lymphoma for multiglandular disease and salivary gland carcinoma for localized disease.
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The aim of this study is to review the imaging appearance of posttreatment salivary gland tumors. The authors discuss the imaging appearance of parotidectomy and reconstructive surgery of parotid defects. Imaging is important to diagnose tumor recurrence and also assess for complications related to surgery, such as a sialocele, fluid collection, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, and graft stenosis. The article also provides a current-state assessment of the applications of advanced imaging techniques.
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Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions may involve the minor salivary glands. Tumors of minor salivary glands are commonly seen in the oral cavity. ⋯ Non-neoplastic lesions may involve minor salivary glands such as Sjogrene disease, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, necrotizing sialometaplasia, and subacute necrotizing sialadenitis. Contrast MR imaging and computed tomography are adequate for localization and extension of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of minor salivary glands.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2018
ReviewRoutine and Advanced Ultrasound of Major Salivary Glands.
Ultrasound is the preferred initial imaging modality in Europe and Asia for assessing the major salivary glands. In experienced hands, it is sensitive for a range of salivary pathologies, often diagnostic, and also a safe, cost-effective gatekeeper for further investigations as well as image-guided diagnostic biopsies and aspirations. This article reviews the scanning technique and normal sonographic anatomy of major salivary glands and overviews typical sonographic appearances of salivary pathologies, including infective and inflammatory conditions, sialolithiasis, and neoplasms. Limitations of ultrasound and the current evidence for advanced techniques, including contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound elastography, are also discussed.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2018
ReviewRoutine and Advanced Diffusion Imaging Modules of the Salivary Glands.
This article reviews the role of routine and advanced diffusion imaging modules of the salivary glands. Routine and advanced diffusion imaging modules have a role in differentiation of malignant from benign salivary gland tumors, characterization of some benign salivary gland tumors, and staging of salivary gland cancer. The role of advanced diffusion modules in patients with salivary gland cancer after surgery, radiation therapy, or radioiodine therapy is discussed. Advanced diffusion imaging modules can help in diagnosis and staging of Sjögren syndrome.