Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2014
ReviewTechnical considerations for functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis.
Clinical application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect has increased over the past decade because of its ability to map regional blood flow in response to brain stimulation. This mapping is primarily achieved by exploiting the BOLD effect precipitated by changes in the magnetic properties of hemoglobin. ⋯ Conventional echo planar imaging techniques are used to acquire stimulus-driven fMR imaging BOLD data. This article highlights technical aspects of fMRI data analysis to make it more accessible in clinical settings.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2014
ReviewApplications of blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in epilepsy.
The lifetime prevalence of epilepsy ranges from 2.7 to 12.4 per 1000 in Western countries. Around 30% of patients with epilepsy remain refractory to antiepileptic drugs and continue to have seizures. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have helped to better understand mechanisms of seizure generation and propagation, and to localize epileptic, eloquent, and cognitive networks. In this review, the clinical applications of fMRI and DTI are discussed, for mapping cognitive and epileptic networks and organization of white matter tracts in individuals with epilepsy.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2014
ReviewBlood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for presurgical planning.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a common tool for presurgical sensorimotor mapping, and is a significant preoperative asset for tumors located adjacent to the central sulcus. fMRI has changed surgical options for many patients. This noninvasive tool allows for easy display and integration with other neuroimaging techniques. ⋯ Tumors that affect the normal vascular coupling of neuronal activity will affect fMRI measurements. This article discusses the usefulness of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI with regard to preoperative motor mapping.
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This article reviews the importance of particular radiologic findings related to facial trauma and their implications for clinical and surgical management. An emphasis is placed on critical imaging signs that warrant immediate surgical attention.
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Significant progress has been made recently in the recognition, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of blunt cerebrovascular vascular injury (BCVI). Although controversy still exists as to optimal screening algorithms and best diagnostic modality, the vital and growing role of noninvasive imaging in identifying patients at high risk for BCVI and in characterizing the injury itself has been clearly established. There has been promising early work in stratifying BCVI patients into risk categories by initially evaluating them with high-resolution head, maxillofacial, and cervical computed tomographic examinations with the ultimate goal of maximizing diagnostic yield and enabling prompt initiation of therapy.