The American journal of the medical sciences
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Cocaine inhalation has been linked to the development of pneumomediastinum. The aim of this review was to identify the clinical course and outcome of spontaneous pneumomediastinum caused by cocaine use. ⋯ Cocaine-induced pneumomediastinum is a benign condition. A short observation period with outpatient follow-up is appropriate in the majority of patients. Invasive procedures have a low yield and should be based on a high degree of clinical suspicion for esophageal rupture or bronchial tree laceration.