European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
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This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and safety of C1 lateral mass and upper cervical pedicle screw placement assisted by the TiRobot II system. ⋯ The TiRobot II system demonstrates the capability to precisely execute pre-planned trajectories and improves the accuracy and safety of C1 lateral mass and upper cervical screw placement.