Addiction
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To estimate progression to polytobacco use (PTU) over 1 year among a sample of US youth. ⋯ US youth who had previously tried e-cigarettes and cigarettes at wave 1 (2013-14) had a 32% chance of transitioning to current use of two or more tobacco products within 1 year.
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At a time of declining smoking prevalence in England, it is useful to document any changes in the characteristics of smokers. This has implications for targeting tobacco control policies and interventions. This study compared the characteristics of smokers from 2008 to 2017 to assess changes in smoking and quitting patterns and socio-demographic profile. ⋯ Between 2008 and 2017 in England, smokers appear to have become less dependent on cigarettes but less likely to try to quit or cut down. Of those who tried to quit, fewer used behavioural support and more used pharmacological support. The proportion from more disadvantaged backgrounds did not change significantly.
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To examine how the risks of incident opioid use disorder (OUD), non-fatal and fatal overdose have changed over time among opioid-naive individuals receiving an initial opioid prescription. ⋯ Among opioid-naive individuals in Massachusetts receiving an initial opioid prescription, the risk of incident opioid use disorder appears to have declined between 2011 and 2014, while rates of overdose were largely unchanged. Longer therapy duration and concurrent benzodiazepines were associated with higher rates of opioid use disorder and opioid overdose.