Addiction
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Estimation of risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events from varenicline, bupropion and nicotine patch versus placebo: secondary analysis of results from the EAGLES trial using Bayes factors.
Analysed using classical frequentist hypothesis testing with alpha set to 0.05, the Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study (EAGLES) did not find enough evidence to reject the hypothesis of no difference in neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPSAEs) attributable to varenicline, bupropion, or nicotine patch compared with placebo. This might be because the null hypothesis was true or because the data were insensitive. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis more directly using Bayes factors. ⋯ Secondary analysis of the Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study trial using Bayes factors provides moderate to strong evidence that use of varenicline, bupropion or nicotine patches for smoking cessation does not increase the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events relative to use of placebo in smokers without a history of psychiatric disorder. For smokers with a history of psychiatric disorder the evidence also points to no increased risk but with less confidence.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparative effects of varenicline or combination nicotine replacement therapy versus patch monotherapy on candidate mediators of early abstinence in a smoking cessation attempt.
The phase-based model of smoking cessation treatment suggests that treatment needs may vary across phases (e.g. pre-cessation, cessation). This study tested the comparative effects of varenicline and combination nicotine replacement therapy (C-NRT) relative to nicotine patch monotherapy on pre-cessation and cessation phase candidate withdrawal, expectancy and motivation mediators; relations between mediators and abstinence; and indirect effects of enhanced treatments on abstinence via candidate mediators. ⋯ Among adult smokers seeking to quit, varenicline seems to work through its effects on suppression of craving and smoking expectancies pre-cessation while combination nicotine replacement therapy mediation seems to work through cessation-related reduction in craving and smoking expectancies changes.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Counseling alone or in combination with nicotine replacement therapy for treatment of black non-daily smokers: a randomized trial.
One-third of US tobacco users are non-daily smokers (NDS). Black NDS have strikingly high levels of nicotine and carcinogen exposure. No smoking cessation studies have been conducted with this high-risk group. This study compared the effectiveness in black NDS of smoking cessation counseling alone or in combination with the participant's choice of nicotine replacement therapy. ⋯ Among black non-daily smokers in the United States, there was no difference in abstinence between nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and counseling alone. NRT led to greater increase in days abstinent and reduction in cigarettes, with no evidence of compensation from other sources of nicotine.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Diffusion of effects of the ASSIST school-based smoking prevention intervention to non-participating family members: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
To investigate whether effects of the ASSIST (A Stop Smoking In Schools Trial) school-based smoking prevention intervention diffused from students to the people they lived with. ⋯ A Stop Smoking In Schools Trial (ASSIST) school-based smoking prevention intervention may have reduced the prevalence of smoking in people who lived with ASSIST-trained students. This indirect transmission is consistent with the predictions of diffusion of innovations theory which underpins the design of ASSIST.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cost-effectiveness of electronic- and clinician-delivered screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment for women in reproductive health centers.
To determine the cost-effectiveness of electronic- and clinician-delivered SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment) for reducing primary substance use among women treated in reproductive health centers. ⋯ e-SBIRT could be a cost-effective approach, from both health-care provider and patient perspectives, for use in reproductive health centers to help women reduce substance misuse.