Addiction
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces cigarette craving and consumption.
To evaluate the effect of repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), combined with either smoking or neutral cues, on cigarette consumption, dependence and craving. ⋯ Multiple high-frequency rTMS of the DLPFC can attenuate nicotine craving.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of add-on gabapentin on opioid withdrawal symptoms in opium-dependent patients.
Evaluation of the efficacy of gabapentin in patients undergoing out-patient treatment for opiate withdrawal. ⋯ Dosage of 900 mg/day of gabapentin is not significantly superior to placebo in controlling opiate withdrawal symptoms.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: findings at 6 months post-release.
This study examined the effectiveness of methadone maintenance initiated prior to or just after release from prison at 6 months post-release. ⋯ Methadone maintenance, initiated prior to or immediately after release from prison, increases treatment entry and reduces heroin use at 6 months post-release compared to counseling only. This intervention may be able to fill an urgent treatment need for prisoners with heroin addiction histories.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Exposure to opioid maintenance treatment reduces long-term mortality.
To (i) examine the predictors of mortality in a randomized study of methadone versus buprenorphine maintenance treatment; (ii) compare the survival experience of the randomized subject groups; and (iii) describe the causes of death. ⋯ Increased exposure to opioid maintenance treatment reduces the risk of death in opioid-dependent people. There was no differential reduction between buprenorphine and methadone. Previous studies suggesting differential effects may have been affected by biases in patient selection.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Melatonin for perceived sleep disturbances associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal among patients in methadone maintenance treatment: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
To evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin in attenuating sleep difficulties during benzodiazepine (BDZ) withdrawal. ⋯ Sixty-one patients (77.5% in the 'melatonin first' condition and 75% in the 'placebo first' condition) completed 6 weeks of treatment, showing a similar BDZ discontinuation rate of 11/31 and 11/30, respectively. PSQI scores were significantly lower (indicating better sleep quality) in the 22 patients who discontinued BDZ (8.9 +/- 0.9) than in 39 with urine BDZ (11.2 +/- 0.7, P = 0.04). Sleep quality in patients who continued abusing BDZ improved more in the 'melatonin first' group than in the 'placebo first' group, with no differences in sleep quality improvement in patients who stopped BDZ. CONCLUSION Most improvement in sleep quality was attributed to BDZ discontinuation. Although melatonin did not enhance BDZ discontinuation, it improved sleep quality, especially in patients who did not stop BDZ.