Addiction
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Randomized Controlled Trial
What difference does training make? A randomized trial with waiting-list control of general practitioners seeking advanced training in drug misuse.
To measure changes in knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice of general practitioners (GPs) enrolled to receive training in the management of drug misusers. ⋯ GPs seeking special training for the care of drug misusers are both positively disposed to this patient population and clinically active. Benefits unambiguously attributable to the course were modest. While a TR effect was observed, strict adherence to ITT analysis failed to identify significant benefits observed with the training provided. Randomisation and waiting-list controls design are insufficient as a research method for training evaluation studies if ITT analysis is used exclusively.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Motivational interviewing versus feedback only in emergency care for young adult problem drinking.
To establish the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention compared to feedback only when delivered in an emergency department for reducing alcohol use and problems among young adults. ⋯ This study provides new data supporting the potential of the motivational intervention tested to reduce alcohol consumption among high-risk youth.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief alcohol intervention and alcohol assessment do not influence alcohol use in injured patients treated in the emergency department: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
To evaluate the effectiveness of brief alcohol intervention (BAI) in reducing alcohol use among hazardous drinkers treated in the emergency department (ED) after an injury; in addition it tests whether assessment of alcohol use without BAI is sufficient to reduce hazardous drinking. ⋯ This study provides the evidence that a 10-15-minute BAI does not decrease alcohol use and health resource utilization in hazardous drinkers treated in the ED, and demonstrates that commonly found decreases in hazardous alcohol use in control groups cannot be attributed to the baseline alcohol assessment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Do coping skills mediate the relationship between cognitive-behavioral therapy and reductions in gambling in pathological gamblers?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is useful for treating substance abusers, and recent data suggest it is also efficacious for pathological gamblers. CBT is purported to exert its beneficial effects by altering coping skills, but data supporting coping changes as the mechanism of action are mixed. This study examined whether coping skills acquisition mediated the effects of CBT on decreasing gambling in pathological gamblers. ⋯ CBT's beneficial effects in decreasing gambling may be related partly to changes in coping responses, and improvements in coping are associated with long-term changes in gambling. However, relationships between coping skills and gambling behavior are fairly strong, regardless of treatment received.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
An examination of main and interactive effects of substance abuse recovery housing on multiple indicators of adjustment.
To assess the effectiveness of community-based supports in promoting abstinence from substance use and related problems. ⋯ Oxford Houses, a type of self-governed recovery setting, appear to stabilize many individuals who have substance abuse histories.