Addiction
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Case Reports
A case of heroin overdose reversed by sublingually administered buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone).
Opioid overdose is a major source of morbidity and mortality in injection drug users in the United States and many other countries. ⋯ Sublingually administered buprenorphine/naloxone might be used as a means to reverse opioid overdose.
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Kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth) is recognized increasingly as a remedy for opioid withdrawal by individuals who self-treat chronic pain. ⋯ We report the self-treatment of chronic pain and opioid withdrawal with kratom. The predominant alkaloid of kratom, mitragynine, binds mu- and kappa-opioid receptors, but has additional receptor affinities that might augment its effectiveness at mitigating opioid withdrawal. The natural history of kratom use, including its clinical pharmacology and toxicology, are poorly understood.
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Multicenter Study
Validation of the Alcohol, Smoking And Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).
The concurrent, construct and discriminative validity of the World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were examined in a multi-site international study. ⋯ The findings demonstrated that the ASSIST is a valid screening test for identifying psychoactive substance use in individuals who use a number of substances and have varying degrees of substance use.