Anaesthesia
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Serial thermodilution and impedance cardiac output measurements in two critically ill patients are presented. Impedance cardiography failed to detect changes in cardiac output and provided values lower than those derived from thermodilution. ⋯ This failure of impedance cardiography is attributed to aberrant electrical conduction though the lungs as a result of increased lung fluid that alters the impedance waveform. Although reliable when used in normal subjects, impedance cardiography appears not to provide accurate measurements in critically ill patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effect of ketamine pretreatment on propofol injection pain in 100 women.
A controlled, randomised double-blind study was performed to compare the prior intravenous administration of ketamine 10 mg (1 ml) or 0.9% saline (1 ml) on propofol injection pain. One hundred patients of ASA status 1 or 2 presenting for gynaecological surgery were studied. Following an initial 5-ml bolus of propofol into a dorsal hand vein, 30 s after the treatment, 84% of the saline control patients experienced mild or severe pain compared to 26% of those who were given ketamine pretreatment (p < 0.05).