Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of topical anesthetics and vasoconstrictors vs lubricants prior to nasogastric intubation: a randomized, controlled trial.
To determine whether pre-treatment of the nose and throat with topical anesthetics and vasoconstrictors would reduce the pain associated with nasogastric (NG) intubation. ⋯ Use of topical lidocaine and phenylephrine for the nose and tetracaine with benzocaine spray for the throat prior to NG intubation results in significantly less pain and discomfort than use of a nasal surgical lubricant alone. Widespread use of topical anesthetics and vasoconstrictors prior to NG intubation is recommended.
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To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an ED-based tuberculosis (TB) screening program. ⋯ An ED-based TB screening program is feasible and can identify many patients requiring treatment. Targeted screening of high-risk groups could reduce the program cost, but would miss some cases.
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Survival analysis is a group of statistical methods used to analyze data representing the time to an event of interest, e.g., the duration of survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or the length of time a patient stays in the ED. Survival analysis properly accounts for patients who are lost to follow-up and for patients who have not yet experienced the event of interest at the end of the study's observation period (censored data). This article acquaints the reader with the terminology, methodology, and limitations of survival analysis. Specific methods discussed include life tables, the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimate, the log-rank test, and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A randomized, clinical trial comparing butylcyanoacrylate with octylcyanoacrylate in the management of selected pediatric facial lacerations.
To compare two tissue adhesives, butylcyanoacrylate and octylcyanoacrylate, in the treatment of small (<4 cm) superficial linear traumatic facial lacerations in children. ⋯ In the closure of small linear pediatric facial lacerations, octylcyanoacrylate is similar to butylcyanoacrylate in ease of use and early and late cosmetic outcomes. The superior physical properties of octylcyanoacrylate appear to add little benefit to the management of these selected lacerations. Physician preference and differing costs may dictate use for these small selected lacerations.
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To delineate components of delay within the hospital ED for patients presenting with symptoms of stroke. ⋯ These data suggest that arriving by EMS is associated with shorter times to being seen by an EP and receiving a CT scan. The influence of EMS on delays associated with rapid medical care of stroke patients reaches beyond the out-of-hospital transport phase.