Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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This study investigated the effects of glutamine (GLN) administration on regulating lung γδ T cells in polymicrobial sepsis. Mice were randomly assigned to normal group (NC), septic saline group (SS), and septic GLN group (SG). All mice were fed with chow diet. ⋯ Also, interleukin 17A (IL-17A), interferon γ, and IL-10 expressed by γδ T cells and CXC receptor 2 expressed by neutrophils decreased in the SG group. Moreover, GLN reduced IL-17A, IL-1β, and IL-23 concentrations and myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissues. Our results suggest that GLN administration after initiation of sepsis affects lung γδ T cell percentage and cytokine secretion and prevented apoptosis of γδ T cells and neutrophil infiltration to the lungs, which may partly be responsible for ameliorating acute lung injury induced by sepsis.
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Significant progress has been made in critical care medicine during the past several decades. However, the mortality rate is still high in patients with sepsis, especially with acute kidney injury (AKI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess an ability to ameliorate renal injury from ischemia-reperfusion, but it is still unknown whether they have the ability to reduce sepsis-associated AKI. ⋯ Treatment with MSCs can alleviate sepsis-associated AKI and improve survival in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. These effects may be mediated by the inhibition of IL-17 secretion and balance of the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory states. Mesenchymal stem cells may be a potential new therapeutic agent for the prevention or reduction of sepsis-associated AKI.
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Graded lower-body negative pressure was used to create a hemodynamic response similar to hemorrhage. Echocardiogram measurements showed a maximal reduction of 32.4% in stroke volume. ⋯ In particular, the LVET and pre-ejection period/LVET features, extracted from SCG, were significantly different between, and correlated with, the different stages of lower-body negative pressure (r = 0.9 and 0.88, P < 0.05), for 32 subjects. These results suggest a portable, cost-effective solution for identification of mild or moderate hemorrhage using accelerometers.
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The development of an immunosuppressive state during the protracted course of sepsis is associated with opportunistic infections and is considered to correlate with the extent of the proinflammatory response during early sepsis. Short-term intervention with enteral lipid-rich nutrition was shown to attenuate the acute inflammatory response. This study investigates the effects of lipid-rich nutrition on the immunosuppression induced by polymicrobial sepsis. ⋯ Lipid-rich nutrition prevented the increase in bacteria, promoted the IL-12 and IFN-γ production (IL-12 and IFN-γ [P < 0.05] vs. fasted and IFN-γ [P < 0.05] vs. control nutrition), and prevented the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 (P < 0.05 vs. control nutrition) in lungs of CLP mice. The preserved immune defense during late sepsis in lipid-rich fed mice was preceded by attenuation of the early inflammatory response (IL-6 [P = 0.05] and IL-10 [P < 0.01] vs. fasted CLP mice) at 6 h after CLP. In conclusion, short-term treatment with lipid-rich enteral nutrition improves the pulmonary antimicrobial defense during polymicrobial sepsis.
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Comparative Study
Comparative effect of hypothermia and adrenaline during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rabbits.
Therapeutic hypothermia was shown to facilitate resumption of spontaneous circulation when instituted during cardiac arrest. Here, we investigated whether it directly improved the chance of successful resuscitation independently of adrenaline administration in rabbits. We further evaluated the direct effect of hypothermia on vascular function in vitro. ⋯ In rabbits, hypothermia did not exert a direct hemodynamic or vascular effect that might explain its beneficial effect during CPR.