Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Acute and chronic lung disease up-regulate purinergic receptor (P2XR4, P2XR7) expression. P2XR7 deletion or blockade attenuated pulmonary hyper-inflammation, but P2XR4 up-regulation compensated for P2XR7 deletion. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that P2XR4 deletion may attenuate post-traumatic acute lung injury (ALI) after cigarette smoke (CS) exposure-induced COPD. ⋯ Supported by Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts of Baden-Württemberg (Az:32-729.55-0/239-5/32-7533.-6-10/15/1) (Boehringer Ingelheim Ulm University BioCenter).
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Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the possibility of nonmicrobial methane formation in eukaryote cells under various stress conditions. Chronic alcohol consumption generates intracellular NADH/NAD + imbalance leading to oxido-reductive stress in target organs. Based on this background, the purpose was to investigate the effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on methane production in vivo. ⋯ The detection method is appropriate for experimental and human use. Methane production might be an immediate indicator of liver dysfunction in rats and humans; exhaled methane might be an indicator for redox pathologies in the hyperacute phase. Grant support: OTKA K104656.
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The influence of alcohol consumption on inflammatory state and outcome in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. We analyzed effects of positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on inflammatory changes, in-hospital complications, and mortality in TBI-patients. ⋯ This study indicates that positive BAC influences systemic IL-6 levels and leukocyte numbers in TBI-patients, and may deliver further insights into the understanding of possible anti- inflammatory effects of alcohol.
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Co-morbidities are a confounding factor increasing intensive care mortality. Atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) not only influence renal function, e.g. reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but may also cause endothelial barrier dysfunction (BD). Fluid extravasation due to BD is a risk factor in circulatory shock. In murine CKD models, ambivalent data are reported on regulating mechanisms of BD. Therefore, we investigated the role of BD in swine with reduced GFR, atherosclerosis and impaired tissue receptor protein expression (EPO-R, PPAR-β). ⋯ Supported by the DFG (SFB 1149).
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In preclinical and clinical setting, severe polytrauma affects the immune system frequently triggering strong immunological deregulation, which predisposes patients for secondary complications. Yet not all body compartments are equally responsive to development of immunosuppression. ⋯ The above results of the blood-bone marrow compartment show a simultaneous activation and impairment of the murine innate and adaptive immune response post-TSH. Assessment of any single compartment is insufficient to characterize the magnitude of the developing immunosuppression.