Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier plays an important role in the pathological process of heatstroke. Omega-3 (or n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), help protect the intestinal mucosal barrier. This study assessed if pretreating rats with EPA or DHA could alleviate heat stress-induced damage to the intestinal barrier caused by experimental heatstroke. ⋯ Our results indicate that EPA pretreatment is more effective than DHA pretreatment in attenuating heat-induced intestinal dysfunction and preventing TJ damage. Enhanced expression of TJ proteins that support the epithelial barrier integrity may be important for maintaining a functional intestinal barrier during heatstroke.
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The development of clinically meaningful biomarkers for CNS traumatic injury is a major area in neurotrauma modelling. Neuroimaging is evolving as a major approach to characterize pathophysiology, improve diagnosis and test new therapies. Imaging the microglial response by targeting the up- regulation of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) following CNS injury, is a main diagnostic approach for investigating the neuroinflammatory (NI) response after CNS injury in vivo. ⋯ : This study shows the significant potential of these imaging tracers as sensitive clinical tools for non- invasive monitoring of the NI response and, potentially, of the response of NI to new therapies.
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The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of a severe hemorrhagic shock on murine fracture healing. ⋯ : A hemorrhagic shock has a negative effect on the fracture healing. In this context the amount of the removed blood in terms of a '30% threshold' plays a decisive role.
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Trauma injury and hemorrhagic shock frequently leads to the imbalance of immune system known as Systemic Inflammatory Response syndrome (SIRS) and is connected to the morbidity or mortality. Pro and Anti- inflammatory, which play a significant role in the development of multiple organ failure (MOF). This study investigates the serum cytokines levels in patients with trauma hemorrhagic shock and the association of these cytokines with clinical outcome. ⋯ In trauma hemorrhagic shock, increased IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-12 are detected while compared to normal healthy control. In these patients, increased IL-8 value in nonsurvivors as compared to survivors. This study suggests a much higher degree of activation of immune-inflammatory in T/HS than in normal healthy control. Increased IL-8 values were found to be reliable markers of mortality following T/HS.
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Sepsis is an enormous public health issue and the leading cause of death in critically ill patients in intensive care units. Overwhelming inflammation, characterized by cytokine storm, oxidative threats, and neutrophil sequestration, is an underlying component of sepsis-associated organ failure. Despite recent advances in sepsis research, there is still no effective treatment available beyond the standard of care and supportive therapy. ⋯ Although the detrimental role of ER stress during infections has been demonstrated, there is growing evidence that ER stress participates in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In this review, we summarize current research in the context of ER stress and UPR signaling associated with sepsis and its related clinical conditions, such as trauma-hemorrhage and ischemia/reperfusion injury. We also discuss the potential implications of ER stress as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker in patients with sepsis.