Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Severe tissue trauma leads to an early excessive activation of the complement and the coagulation system which is associated with a poor outcome. Besides extensive interactions between the two cascades on a fluid-phase level, studies suggest that key molecules in coagulation are expressed on leukocytes. Therefore, we examined the potential crosstalk between complement and coagulation on the leukocyte surface, and aimed to identify the involved molecular mechanisms especially after polytrauma. ⋯ The data are indicative of so far unknown interactions between complement and coagulation on a cellular level and the potential role of leukocyte surface molecules in the development of coagulopathy after trauma.
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Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring dialysis have a higher risk of sepsis and a 100-fold higher mortality. The severity of cardiac dysfunction predicts mortality among septic patients. Here we investigated the roles of pre-existing CKD on the cardiac outcome in mice with sepsis, and whether inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) reduces the cardiac dysfunction in these animals. ⋯ Pre-existing CKD aggravates the cardiac dysfunction caused by LPS or CLP in mice; this may (at least in part) be due to increased cardiac activation of NF-κB and iNOS expression.(Figure is included in full-text article.).
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Haemorrhagic shock (HS) increases mortality after severe trauma, due to tissue hypoxia-induced multiple organ failure. Hyperoxia, i.e. pure O2 breathing, can improve haemodynamics and organ function, but may worsen lung function due to oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether hyperoxia would attenuate organ dysfunction after haemorrhage. ⋯ In our model of non-lethal haemorrhage and resuscitation, hyperoxia did not attenuate any parameter of circulatory failure or organ dysfunction. However, hyperoxia appeared to be safe with respect to oxidative stress and/or lung injury.Acknowledgement: Supported by German Department of Defence (AZ E/U2AD/CF523/DF556).
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Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide belonging to the family of the N- acylethanolamines (NAEs) and some of its analogues, have shown great efficacy in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Adelmidrol is one of these analogues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Adelmidrol on the modulation of the inflammatory response in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). ⋯ We demonstrated that Adelmidrol exerts an antiinflammatory effect during chronic inflammation.
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Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule maintaining numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Because of its short lifespan, the detection of NO by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) in frozen tissues requires stabilization by specific exogenous NO-traps. Such NO-traps are unfeasible in clinical settings, and are restricted to experimental models only. ⋯ Our methodological approach enables quantification of NO production in vivo without introduction of NO-traps and allocates NO-generation either to extra- or intracellular compartments of the liver. This method can be effectively applied for analysis of human biopsies.