Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the possibility of nonmicrobial methane formation in eukaryote cells under various stress conditions. Chronic alcohol consumption generates intracellular NADH/NAD + imbalance leading to oxido-reductive stress in target organs. Based on this background, the purpose was to investigate the effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on methane production in vivo. ⋯ The detection method is appropriate for experimental and human use. Methane production might be an immediate indicator of liver dysfunction in rats and humans; exhaled methane might be an indicator for redox pathologies in the hyperacute phase. Grant support: OTKA K104656.
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Early detection of trauma haemorrhage and coagulopathy has been associated with improved outcomes. We assessed infrastructure, logistics and management of trauma haemorrhage and coagulopathy across German trauma centres. ⋯ There is variation in the management of haemorrhage/ coagulopathy across German trauma centres. Though bleeding patients depend on structured procedures, more than a third of the respondents declare they do not follow a treatment algorithm. NOACs are considered as an increasing problem in trauma care.
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Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a highly complex cascade of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which results in a generalized activation of the immune system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria, as one of the major sources of them play a key role in this process. Considering the deleterious effects of ROS, antioxidant molecules targeting mitochondria can have therapeutic potential. We aimed to test the effects of mitochondria targeted antioxidant (mtAOX) treatment in an animal model of SIRS of varying severity. ⋯ Depending on the severity of experimental SIRS, the effect of mtAOX was either beneficial or detrimental. Since mitochondrial ROS are important molecules of intracellular signaling pathways, we hypothesize that mtROS can activate deleterious and beneficial signaling upon "milder" and "severe" SIRS, respectively. Elucidation of the exact mechanisms is still underway.
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The influence of alcohol consumption on inflammatory state and outcome in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. We analyzed effects of positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on inflammatory changes, in-hospital complications, and mortality in TBI-patients. ⋯ This study indicates that positive BAC influences systemic IL-6 levels and leukocyte numbers in TBI-patients, and may deliver further insights into the understanding of possible anti- inflammatory effects of alcohol.
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Preservation of cardiac function in shock patients with low perfusion, hemodynamic instability, and sudden hypotensive episodes is one of the main challenges for intensive care physicians. In order to investigate potential mechanisms of heart dysfunction at the cellular level, we examined the effect of hemorrhagic shock on hemodynamically important cardiac transmembrane receptors in a rat model. ⋯ These results suggest a potential compensatory mechanism in the heart in response to systemic hypovolemia and reperfusion, consisting in the increase of several transmembrane receptors which play a role in the control of heart function and hemodynamics. Enteral administration of TXA prevented this increase, in conjunction with improved hemodynamics after hypovolemia.