Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Hypertonic saline (HS) resuscitation has been studied as a possible strategy to reduce polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation and tissue damage in trauma patients. Hypertonic saline blocks PMNs by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and stimulation of A2a adenosine receptors. Here, we studied the underlying mechanisms in search of possible reasons for the inconsistent results of recent clinical trials with HS resuscitation. ⋯ These findings suggest redundant mechanisms in whole blood that may strengthen the immunomodulatory effect of HS in vivo. We conclude that HS resuscitation exerts anti-inflammatory effects that involve panx1, CD39, CD73, and other ectonucleotidases, which produce the adenosine that blocks PMNs by stimulating their A2a receptors. Our findings shed new light on the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HS and suggest possible new strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of hypertonic resuscitation.
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Comparative Study
Whole Blood Reveals More Metabolic Detail of the Human Metabolome Than Serum as Measured by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy: Implications for Sepsis Metabolomics.
Serum is a common sample of convenience for metabolomics studies. Its processing time can be lengthy and may result in the loss of metabolites including those of red blood cells (RBCs). Unlike serum, whole blood (WB) is quickly processed, minimizing the influence of variable hemolysis while including RBC metabolites. ⋯ The range of free Hgb in serum samples from 18 sepsis patients was 0.02 to 0.46 g/dL. Whole blood and serum have unique aqueous metabolite profiles, but the use of serum may introduce potential pathway bias. Use of WB for metabolomics may be particularly important for studies in diseases such as sepsis in which RBC metabolism is altered, and mechanical and sepsis-induced hemolysis contributes to variance in the metabolome.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Immune Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Beneficial Effects of Maintaining Mechanical Ventilation.
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces postoperative immunosuppression and impaired pulmonary function. Maintaining mechanical ventilation (MV) during CPB improves pulmonary function and diminishes postoperative systemic inflammation. However, there are no data about the influence of maintaining MV during CPB on postoperative immune dysfunction. ⋯ Our study suggests that maintaining MV during CPB for cardiac surgery decreases postoperative immune dysfunction and could be an interesting strategy to diminish the occurrence of postoperative nosocomial infection without hampering the surgical procedure. However, these findings have to be confirmed in a clinical trial using the incidence of nosocomial infection as an endpoint.