American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2013
Increased Risk of Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis after Bacterial Colonization of the Airways as Neonates.
The frequency of pneumonia and bronchiolitis exhibits considerable variation in otherwise healthy children, and suspected risk factors explain only a minor proportion of the variation. We hypothesized that alterations in the airway microbiome in early life may be associated with susceptibility to pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young children. ⋯ Neonatal airway colonization with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or M. catarrhalis is associated with increased risk of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in early life independently of asthma. This suggests a role of pathogenic bacterial colonization of the airways in neonates for subsequent susceptibly to pneumonia and bronchiolitis.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2013
Practice GuidelineAn Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Comparative Effectiveness Research in Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is intended to inform decision making in clinical practice, and is central to patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). ⋯ CER complements traditional efficacy research by placing greater emphasis on the effects of interventions in practice, and developing evidence to address the needs of the many stakeholders involved in health care decisions. Stakeholder engagement is an important component of CER.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2013
Editorial CommentShould all patients with asthma receive statins?
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyJugular vs. Femoral Short-Term Catheterization and Risk of Infection in ICU Patients: Causal Analysis of 2 Randomized Trials.
When subclavian access is not possible, controversy exists between the internal jugular and femoral sites for the choice of central-venous access in intensive care unit patients. ⋯ Femoral and internal jugular accesses lead to similar risks of catheter infection. Internal jugular might be preferred for female, nonchlorhexidine-impregnated dressings users, and when catheters are left in place more than 4 days. Both sites are acceptable when a subclavian approach is not feasible. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00417235 and NCT01189682).