American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyModerately preterm children have more respiratory problems during their first 5 years of life than children born full term.
Pulmonary outcomes of moderate-preterm children (MP) are unknown. ⋯ MP have more respiratory symptoms than FT during early childhood. Factors associated with respiratory symptoms at school age are early respiratory problems, family history of asthma, higher social class, and passive smoking.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
ReviewAn official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline: sleep apnea, sleepiness, and driving risk in noncommercial drivers. An update of a 1994 Statement.
Sleepiness may account for up to 20% of crashes on monotonous roads, especially highways. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common medical disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness, increasing the risk for drowsy driving two to three times. The purpose of these guidelines is to update the 1994 American Thoracic Society Statement that described the relationships among sleepiness, sleep apnea, and driving risk. ⋯ The recommendations presented in this guideline are based on the current evidence, and will require an update as new evidence and/or technologies becomes available.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Multicenter StudyMortality associations with long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in a national English cohort.
Cohort evidence linking long-term exposure to outdoor particulate air pollution and mortality has come largely from the United States. There is relatively little evidence from nationally representative cohorts in other countries. ⋯ These results strengthen the evidence linking long-term ambient air pollution exposure to increased all-cause mortality. However, the stronger associations with respiratory mortality are not consistent with most US studies in which associations with cardiovascular causes of death tend to predominate.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Comparative StudyCXCL13 production in B cells via Toll-like receptor/lymphotoxin receptor signaling is involved in lymphoid neogenesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Little is known about what drives the appearance of lymphoid follicles (LFs), which may function as lymphoid organs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In animal infection models, pulmonary LF formation requires expression of homeostatic chemokines by stromal cells and dendritic cells, partly via lymphotoxin. ⋯ LF formation in COPD may be driven by lung B cells via a CXCL13-dependent mechanism that involves toll-like receptor and lymphotoxin receptor signaling.