American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyWean earlier and automatically with new technology (the WEAN study). A multicenter, pilot randomized controlled trial.
Automated weaning has not been compared with a paper-based weaning protocol in North America. ⋯ Compared with a standardized protocol, automated weaning was associated with promising outcomes that warrant further investigation. Minor protocol modifications may increase compliance, facilitate recruitment, and enhance feasibility. Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN43760151).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Multicenter StudyDisrupted prenatal maternal cortisol, maternal obesity, and childhood wheeze. Insights into prenatal programming.
Exploring prenatal factors influencing childhood wheeze may inform programming mechanisms. ⋯ Maternal prenatal cortisol disruption and obesity were independently associated with children's wheeze. Obese women with adverse cortisol profiles were most likely to have children with repeated wheeze.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Multicenter StudyMortality associations with long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in a national English cohort.
Cohort evidence linking long-term exposure to outdoor particulate air pollution and mortality has come largely from the United States. There is relatively little evidence from nationally representative cohorts in other countries. ⋯ These results strengthen the evidence linking long-term ambient air pollution exposure to increased all-cause mortality. However, the stronger associations with respiratory mortality are not consistent with most US studies in which associations with cardiovascular causes of death tend to predominate.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEfficacy and safety of ivacaftor in patients aged 6 to 11 years with cystic fibrosis with a G551D mutation.
Ivacaftor (VX-770), a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator, has been shown to improve lung function, pulmonary exacerbation rate, respiratory symptoms, and weight gain compared with placebo in patients with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years or older with a G551D-CFTR mutation. ⋯ In patients who are younger and healthier than those in previously studied populations, ivacaftor demonstrated a significant improvement in pulmonary function, weight, and CFTR activity compared with placebo. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00909727).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2013
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyResearch recruitment practices and critically ill patients. A multicenter, cross-sectional study (the Consent Study).
Limited cross-sectional data exist to characterize the challenges of enrolling critically ill patients into research studies. ⋯ A large gap exists between eligibility and the frequency with which consent encounters occur in intensive care unit research. Recruitment is susceptible to design and procedural inefficiencies that hinder recruitment and to personnel availability, given the need to interact with SDMs. Current enrollment practices may underrepresent potential study populations.