American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2014
Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Adult Asthma in a Nationwide Cohort of US Women.
Limited prior data suggest an association between traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in adults. No published studies assess the effect of long-term exposures to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) on adult incident asthma. ⋯ Results suggest that PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of developing asthma and that PM2.5 and NO2 increase the risk of developing wheeze, the cardinal symptom of asthma, in adult women.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2014
Comparative Study Clinical TrialNovel Tests for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Patients with Underlying Respiratory Diseases.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis has been increasingly reported in nonneutropenic patients, including those with underlying respiratory diseases. ⋯ Probable or proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed in 14% of our study population and associated with significantly higher 30-day mortality rates. Although the performance of β-D-glucan was limited by low specificity and that of mycological culture by low sensitivity, the Aspergillus lateral-flow device seems to be a promising alternative to galactomannan testing, which remains the diagnostic gold standard for aspergillosis. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02058316).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2014
Lipoxin Generation is Related to Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Activity in Severe Asthma.
Severe asthma is characterized by airway inflammatory responses associated with aberrant metabolism of arachidonic acid. Lipoxins (LX) are arachidonate-derived pro-resolving mediators that are decreased in severe asthma, yet mechanisms for defective LX biosynthesis and a means to increase LXs in severe asthma remain to be established. ⋯ LX levels were decreased by oxidative stress and sEH activity. Inhibitors of sEH increased LXs that mediated antiphlogistic actions, suggesting a new therapeutic approach for severe asthma. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00595114).