American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialKeratinocyte Growth-Factor Promotes Epithelial Survival and Resolution in a Human Model of Lung Injury.
Increasing epithelial repair and regeneration may hasten resolution of lung injury in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In animal models of ARDS, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) reduces injury and increases epithelial proliferation and repair. The effect of KGF in the human alveolus is unknown. ⋯ KGF treatment increases BAL surfactant protein D, a marker of type II alveolar epithelial cell proliferation in a human model of acute lung injury. Additionally, KGF increases alveolar concentrations of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra, and mediators that drive epithelial repair (MMP-9) and enhance macrophage clearance of dead cells and bacteria (GM-CSF). Clinical trial registered with ISRCTN 98813895.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialPredictors of COPD Exacerbation Reduction in Response to Daily Azithromycin Therapy.
Daily azithromycin decreases acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), but long-term side effects are unknown. ⋯ Azithromycin is most effective in preventing AECOPD requiring both antibiotic and steroid treatment. Adjusting for confounders, we saw no difference in efficacy by sex, history of chronic bronchitis, oxygen use, or concomitant COPD therapy. Greater efficacy was seen in older patients and milder Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages. We found little evidence of treatment effect among current smokers. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT0011986 and NCT00325897).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialEffectiveness of Motivational Interviewing to Reduce Head Start Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a significant modifiable risk for respiratory health in children. Although SHSe is declining overall, it has increased for low-income and minority populations. Implementation of effective SHSe interventions within community organizations has the potential for significant public health impact. ⋯ MI may be effective in community settings to reduce child SHSe. More research is needed to identify ways to tailor interventions to directly impact child SHSe and to engage more families to make behavioral change. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00927264).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jun 2014
Letter Randomized Controlled TrialTreatment of group I pulmonary arterial hypertension with carvedilol is safe.