American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2015
Association Between Glucose Metabolism and Sleep-Disordered Breathing during REM Sleep.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated with impaired glucose metabolism. It is possible that the association between SDB and glucose metabolism is distinct for non-REM versus REM sleep because of differences in sleep-state-dependent sympathetic activation and/or degree of hypoxemia. ⋯ AHIREM is associated with insulin resistance but not with fasting glycemia or glucose intolerance.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2015
Airflow Limitation and Histology-shift in the National Lung Screening Trial: the NLST-ACRIN Cohort Substudy (N=18, 714).
Annual computed tomography (CT) is now widely recommended for lung cancer screening in the United States, although concerns remain regarding the potential harms, including those from overdiagnosis. ⋯ In the CT arm of the NLST-ACRIN (American College of Radiology Imaging Network) cohort, COPD status was associated with a doubling of lung cancer incidence, no apparent overdiagnosis, and a more favorable stage shift.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2015
Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution and Asthma Onset in Urban Children: Identifying Sensitive Windows and Sex Differences.
The influence of particulate air pollution on respiratory health starts in utero. Fetal lung growth and structural development occurs in stages; thus, effects on postnatal respiratory disorders may differ based on timing of exposure. ⋯ Higher prenatal PM2.5 exposure at midgestation was associated with asthma development by age 6 years in boys. Methods to better characterize vulnerable windows may provide insight into underlying mechanisms.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2015
Regulation of 26S Proteasome Activity in Pulmonary Fibrosis.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for maintenance of protein homeostasis by degrading polyubiquitinated proteins in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Cell and protein homeostasis are altered upon pathological tissue remodeling. Dysregulation of the proteasome has been reported for several chronic diseases of the heart, brain, and lung. We hypothesized that proteasome function is altered upon fibrotic lung remodeling, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). ⋯ We identified Rpn6-dependent 26S proteasome activation as an essential feature of myofibroblast differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and our results suggest it has an important role in IPF pathogenesis.