American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2015
Long-Term Exposure to Traffic Emissions and Fine Particulate Matter and Lung Function Decline in the Framingham Heart Study.
Few studies have examined associations between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and lung function decline in adults. ⋯ Long-term exposure to traffic and PM2.5, at relatively low levels, was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC and an accelerated rate of lung function decline.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2015
Rare Variants in RTEL1 are Associated with Familial Interstitial Pneumonia.
Up to 20% of cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia cluster in families, comprising the syndrome of familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP); however, the genetic basis of FIP remains uncertain in most families. ⋯ Rare loss-of-function variants in RTEL1 represent a newly defined genetic predisposition for FIP, supporting the importance of telomere-related pathways in pulmonary fibrosis.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2015
Loss of miR-17~92 in Smooth Muscle Cells Attenuates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension via Induction of PDLIM5.
Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotype and are implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. ⋯ We provided the first evidence that miR-17∼92 inhibits PDLIM5 to induce the TGF-β3/SMAD3 pathway, contributing to the pathogenesis of PAH.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyRandomized Intubation with Polyurethane or Conical Cuffs to Prevent Pneumonia in Ventilated Patients.
The occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is linked to the aspiration of contaminated pharyngeal secretions around the endotracheal tube. Tubes with cuffs made of polyurethane rather than polyvinyl chloride or with a conical rather than a cylindrical shape increase tracheal sealing. ⋯ Among patients requiring mechanical ventilation, polyurethane and/or conically shaped cuffs were not superior to conventional cuffs in preventing tracheal colonization and VAP. Clinical trial registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01114022).