American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Aug 2015
FK506-binding Protein 10 is a Potential Novel Drug Target for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Increased abundance and stiffness of the extracellular matrix, in particular collagens, is a hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10) is a collagen chaperone, mutations of which have been indicated in the reduction of extracellular matrix stiffness (e.g., in osteogenesis imperfecta). ⋯ FKBP10 might be a novel drug target for IPF.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Aug 2015
Interleukin-17A Promotes Neutrophilia in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). IL-17A is central for neutrophilic inflammation and has been linked to COPD pathogenesis. ⋯ IL-17A is induced during NTHi-associated AECOPD. Functionally, IL-1R1-dependent IL-17A is required for NTHi-exacerbated pulmonary neutrophilia induced by cigarette smoke. Targeting IL-17A in AECOPD may thus be beneficial to reduce neutrophil recruitment to the airways.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Aug 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyUltrathin Bronchoscopy with Multimodal Devices for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Randomized Trial.
The combination of an ultrathin bronchoscope, navigational technology, and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) seems to combine the best of mutual abilities for evaluating peripheral pulmonary lesions, but ultrathin bronchoscopes that allow the use of EBUS have not been developed so far. ⋯ The diagnostic yield of the UTB method is higher than that of the TB-GS method. Clinical trial registered with www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ (UMIN 000003177).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Aug 2015
Institutional Tuberculosis Transmission: Controlled Trial of Upper Room Ultraviolet Air Disinfection - A Basis for New Dosing Guidelines.
Transmission is driving the global tuberculosis epidemic, especially in congregate settings. Worldwide, natural ventilation is the most common means of air disinfection, but it is inherently unreliable and of limited use in cold climates. Upper room germicidal ultraviolet (UV) air disinfection with air mixing has been shown to be highly effective, but improved evidence-based dosing guidelines are needed. ⋯ Upper room germicidal UV air disinfection with air mixing was highly effective in reducing tuberculosis transmission under hospital conditions. These data support using either a total fixture output (rather than electrical or UV lamp wattage) of 15-20 mW/m(3) total room volume, or an average whole-room UV irradiance (fluence rate) of 5-7 μW/cm(2), calculated by a lighting computer-assisted design program modified for UV use.