American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI) is a specific clinical entity of undefined etiology comprising the two diseases neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. The outcome of typical NEHI is favorable. The outcome may be different for patients without a typical NEHI presentation, and thus a lung biopsy to differentiate the diseases is indicated. ⋯ PTI can be diagnosed on the basis of typical history taking, clinical findings, and a high-quality CT scan. Further diagnostic measures, including lung biopsies, may be limited to rare, complicated cases, reducing the need for an invasive and potentially harmful procedure.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2016
Innate Lymphoid Cells are the Predominant Source of Interleukin-17A During the Early Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
IL-17A is purported to help drive early pathogenesis in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by enhancing neutrophil recruitment. Although IL-17A is the archetypal cytokine of T-helper 17 cells, it is produced by a number of lymphocytes, the source during ARDS being unknown. ⋯ IL-17 is rapidly produced during lung injury and significantly contributes to early immunopathogenesis. This is orchestrated largely by a distinct population of pILC3s. Modulation of the activity of pILC3s may potentiate early control of the inflammatory dysregulation seen in ARDS, opening up new therapeutic targets.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2016
Responses to Bacteria, Virus and Malaria Distinguish the Etiology of Pediatric Clinical Pneumonia.
Plasma-detectable biomarkers that rapidly and accurately diagnose bacterial infections in children with suspected pneumonia could reduce the morbidity of respiratory disease and decrease the unnecessary use of antibiotic therapy. ⋯ Combinations of plasma proteins accurately identified children with a respiratory syndrome who were likely to have bacterial infections and who would benefit from antibiotic therapy. When used in conjunction with malaria diagnostic tests, they may improve diagnostic specificity and simplify treatment decisions for clinicians.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2016
Observational StudyAssessment of a Combined Panel of Six Serum Tumor Markers for Lung Cancer.
We have previously identified six serum tumor markers (TMs) (carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 15.3, squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen, cytokeratin-19 fragment, neuron-specific enolase, and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide) related to the presence of lung cancer (LC). ⋯ The combined assessment of a panel of six serum TMs is a more accurate marker for LC presence than these same TMs considered individually. The potential of these TMs in the diagnostic and screening settings deserves further research.