American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
Microbiota Promotes Chronic Pulmonary Inflammation by Enhancing IL-17A and Autoantibodies.
Changes in the pulmonary microbiota are associated with progressive respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether there is a causal relationship between these changes and disease progression remains unknown. ⋯ Collectively, our data indicate that host-microbial cross-talk promotes inflammation and could underlie the chronicity of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
AMPK Deficiency Blocks the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response and Thus Precipitates Hypoventilation and Apnea.
Modulation of breathing by hypoxia accommodates variations in oxygen demand and supply during, for example, sleep and ascent to altitude, but the precise molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain controversial. Among the genes influenced by natural selection in high-altitude populations is one for the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1-catalytic subunit, which governs cell-autonomous adaptations during metabolic stress. ⋯ AMPK is required to coordinate the activation by hypoxia of brainstem respiratory networks, and deficiencies in AMPK expression precipitate hypoventilation and apnea, even when carotid body afferent input is normal.