American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialVitamin C Prevents Offspring DNA Methylation Changes Associated with Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy.
Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy demonstrate lifelong decreases in pulmonary function. DNA methylation changes associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy have been described in placenta and cord blood at delivery, in fetal lung, and in buccal epithelium and blood during childhood. We demonstrated in a randomized clinical trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00632476) that vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers can lessen the impact of maternal smoking on offspring pulmonary function and decrease the incidence of wheeze at 1 year of age. ⋯ We identified a pattern of normalization in DNA methylation by vitamin C supplementation across multiple loci. The consistency of this pattern across tissues and time suggests a systemic and persistent effect on offspring DNA methylation. Further work is necessary to determine how genome-wide changes in DNA methylation may mediate or reflect persistent effects of maternal smoking on lung function.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialHigh-Dose Vitamin D3 During Tuberculosis Treatment in Mongolia: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
Existing trials of adjunctive vitamin D in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are variously limited by small sample sizes, inadequate dosing regimens, and high baseline vitamin D status among participants. Comprehensive analyses of the effects of genetic variation in the vitamin D pathway on response to vitamin D supplementation are lacking. ⋯ Vitamin D3 did not influence time to sputum culture conversion in the study population overall. Effects of the intervention were modified by SNPs in VDR and CYP27B1. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01657656).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2017
Letter Randomized Controlled TrialRandomized Double-blind Controlled Trial of Roflumilast at Acute Exacerbations of COPD.